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合(he)(he)金四通(tong)(tong)為合(he)(he)金管件(jian)、管道(dao)連接件(jian)。又叫合(he)(he)金管件(jian)四通(tong)(tong)或者(zhe)合(he)(he)金四通(tong)(tong)管件(jian)，四通(tong)(tong)接頭，用在主(zhu)管道(dao)要分支管處。 合金四(si)(si)通(tong)有等徑(jing)和異徑(jing)之(zhi)分(fen)(fen)，等徑(jing)四(si)(si)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)管(guan)(guan)端部均為相(xiang)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)；異徑(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)(si)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)接(jie)管(guan)(guan)尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)相(xiang)同，而支(zhi)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)管(guan)(guan)尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)小于主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)管(guan)(guan)尺(chi)(chi)寸(cun)。四(si)(si)通(tong)是用(yong)于管(guan)(guan)道(dao)分(fen)(fen)支(zhi)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種管(guan)(guan)件。對(dui)于采用(yong)合金鋼管(guan)(guan)制造四(si)(si)通(tong)來講，目前通(tong)常所采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合金四(si)(si)通(tong)生產(chan)工(gong)藝有液壓脹形(xing)和熱(re)壓成(cheng)形(xing)兩種。

1、液壓脹形(xing)：四(si)通的(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)脹形(xing)是(shi)通過(guo)金(jin)屬材料的(de)(de)軸向補(bu)償脹出支管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)一種成(cheng)形(xing)工藝。其過(guo)程(cheng)是(shi)采(cai)用(yong)專用(yong)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)機，將與四(si)通直徑相等(deng)的(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)坯(pi)(pi)(pi)內注入液(ye)(ye)體，通過(guo)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)機的(de)(de)兩個水平側缸(gang)同步對中運動擠壓(ya)(ya)(ya)管(guan)(guan)坯(pi)(pi)(pi)，管(guan)(guan)坯(pi)(pi)(pi)受擠壓(ya)(ya)(ya)后體積變小，管(guan)(guan)坯(pi)(pi)(pi)內的(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)體隨管(guan)(guan)坯(pi)(pi)(pi)體積變小而壓力(li)升高(gao)，當達到四(si)通(tong)支管脹出所(suo)需(xu)要的(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)時，金屬(shu)材料(liao)在側缸和管坯內(nei)液體壓力(li)的(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)重作用下(xia)沿模具內(nei)腔流(liu)動(dong)而脹出支管。四(si)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)液壓脹形(xing)工藝可(ke)一次成形(xing)，生產(chan)效率較(jiao)高(gao)；四(si)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)主管及肩部壁厚(hou)均有增加。因無縫四(si)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)液壓脹形(xing)工藝所(suo)需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)備噸位較(jiao)大，目前國內(nei)主要用于小于DN400的標準壁厚四通的制(zhi)造(zao)。其適用的成形(xing)材料(liao)為冷作硬(ying)化傾向(xiang)相(xiang)對較低(di)的低(di)碳鋼、低(di)合金鋼、不銹(xiu)鋼，包(bao)括(kuo)一些有(you)色金屬材料(liao)，如銅、鋁、鈦等。

2、 熱壓(ya)成形：四(si)通(tong)熱壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)成形是將大于四(si)通(tong)直徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的管坯(pi)(pi)(pi)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)扁(bian)約至(zhi)四(si)通(tong)直徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的尺寸，在(zai)(zai)拉(la)伸(shen)支(zhi)(zhi)管的部(bu)位(wei)開一個孔；管坯(pi)(pi)(pi)經加熱，放入(ru)成形模中，并在(zai)(zai)管坯(pi)(pi)(pi)內(nei)裝入(ru)拉(la)伸(shen)支(zhi)(zhi)管的沖模；在(zai)(zai)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力的作(zuo)用下管坯(pi)(pi)(pi)被(bei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)向壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)，在(zai)(zai)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)向壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)的過程中金(jin)屬(shu)向支(zhi)(zhi)管方向流動(dong)并在(zai)(zai)沖模的拉(la)伸(shen)下形成支(zhi)(zhi)管。整個過程是通(tong)過管坯(pi)(pi)(pi)的徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)向壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)和支(zhi)(zhi)管部(bu)位(wei)的拉(la)伸(shen)過程而成形。與液壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)脹形四(si)通(tong)不同的是，熱壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)四(si)通(tong)支(zhi)(zhi)管的金(jin)屬(shu)是由(you)管坯(pi)(pi)(pi)的徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)向運(yun)動(dong)進行補償的，所以也稱為(wei)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)向補償工藝(yi)。

 異(yi)(yi)徑(jing)四通管件和異(yi)(yi)徑(jing)接頭為GB12459標準和ASMEB16.9標準，外徑(jing)分類有Ⅰ系列(lie)和Ⅱ系列(lie)。例如：如果公稱尺寸為DN150x100，則外(wai)徑為Ⅰ系列。對焊合金三通按(an)GB/T12459標識，如(ru)DN100X100X80。承(cheng)插焊三通按GB/T14383標識(shi)，如DN20X15。異徑四(si)通(tong)即一(yi)段主管(guan)加上(shang)一(yi)個小的分(fen)支管(guan)。很顯(xian)然(ran)，兩(liang)個大(da)的尺(chi)寸是(shi)主管(guan)，中(zhong)間接出來(lai)的小尺(chi)寸就是(shi)支管(guan)。合金彎頭彎曲半徑R,角度及外(wai)徑分(fen)類(lei)有Ⅰ系列(lie)和(he)Ⅱ系列(lie)。在純氧管(guan)線中(zhong)，一(yi)般是(shi)有壓力的，這時氧的活性更大(da)。